B.Ed. notes-Educational Technology
Module III : INFORMATION
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Prepared by
SABARISH-P
M.Sc., M.Ed., JRF & NET
Assistant Professor in Physical Science, Arafa Institute for Teacher Education
Attur, Thrissur.
Contact me : pklsabarish@gmail.com
Ø
ICT Meaning
·
ICT is
concerned with the storage, retrieval, manipulation, transmission or reception
of digital data.
Ø
Communication Technology
·
Communication Technology implies the knowledge,
skills and understanding needed to exchange information verbally or
nonverbally.
·
It is processing of information in terms of
accessing information, decoding information and sending it via a medium.
·
Communication Technology is the electronic systems
used for communication between individuals or groups.
Ø
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
Definition
"ICT is defined, as a
diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to
create, disseminate, store, and manage information."
-Mangal (1997)
Ø
ICT – Characteristics
·
ICT is
the integration of Hardware and Software Technology
·
ICT
fosters the dissemination of information and knowledge
·
The
‘digital’ and ‘virtual’ nature
·
ICT is
global – anywhere, any time
·
ICT is a
key enabler in the creation of networks
Ø
Advantages of ICT in Education
·
Quick
access to information
·
Easy
availability of updated data
·
Connecting
Geographically dispersed regions
·
Catering
to the Individual differences
·
Wider
range of communication media
·
Wider learning
opportunities for pupils
Ø
Limitation of ICT in Education
·
ICT
supposedly endangers the child’s social development.
·
ICT is
supposedly to endanger the child’s intellectual development.
·
Decreasing
of child’s emotional development.
·
Child’s
health is endangered.
·
Misuse
of ICT - A complete control over the child’s usage of ICT is today practically
impossible.
·
Expensive
Ø EDUCATIONAL
INFORMATICS
·
‘informatics’ - the study of information processing
·
Educational
Informatics is the study of the application of digital technologies and
techniques to the use and communication of information in learning and
education.
·
Educational
Informatics is the development, use, and evaluation of digital systems that use
pedagogical knowledge to engage in or facilitate resource discovery in order to
support learning.
·
Studying
the techniques and impact of ‘digital technologies’ within the context of the
‘use and communication of information’ in educational settings.
·
Educational
informatics represents the intersection of three disciplines: teaching and
learning, information science, and information communication
technologies (ICTs)
Ø COMPUTER
NETWORKS
Meaning
‘Inter connected collection of autonomous computers.’
Communication Media of Computer
Network (Means/ways of computer networking)
o
Copper wire
o
Microwaves
o
Fiber optics.
o
Communication
satellites.
Ø
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS (LAN, WAN,
MAN, INTERNET, INTRANET )
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
–
Local area
networks are networks with in a single building or campus or up to a few
kilometers in size.
Characteristics of LAN
–
Low delay.
–
Very few
errors.
–
Higher speed.
–
LANs are
restricted in size (Functions within 10 KMs).
–
Transmission
time is bounded.
–
Simple network
management.
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
–
MAN is an
extension of LANs.
–
It normally
covers the area of a city (are less than 100KMs).
–
Uses a
combination of different hardware and transmission media to cover distances
efficiently.
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
–
Networking in a
large geographical area, often a country or continent.
Characteristics of WAN
–
WAN uses
telephone lines or satellite links as a medium.
–
LAN may be
connected to WAN.
–
It covers
different cities or countries.
–
WANs are not owned
by anyone organization but are under collective ownership and management.
–
Complex network
design.
–
Error rate is
large.
–
Speed is less
compared to LAN
Ø
INTERNET
Internet is a huge collection of computer networks that can be
communicated with each other. This word is coined from the words
‘interconnection’ and ‘network’.
Through this, each computer user can
communicate and share common resources with other users.
Ø
Web Server
–
It is a
programme and a computer clubbed into one entity which responds to the requests
from web browsers for internet
resources. The primary function of a web server is to deliver web pages
to clients
Eg:-Apache HTTP Server, Microsoft
Internet Information Services (IIS), Sun Java System Web Server
Ø
Web Browser
–
It is a
programme that allows a user to display and interact with a ‘hyper text’
documents.
Eg:- Internet explorer, Net Scape
navigator, Mozilla firefox, Google Chrome
Ø
Home Page
–
Home page is
the first hypertext document to be shown when a user follows a link to the web
server.
Ø
Search engines
–
Special tool to
search for information on the net.
–
Eg:- AltaVista,
Yahoo, Google.
Ø
Website
–
A collection of
related pages on particular information.
Ø
Web Page
–
It is a file of
information stored on a web server.
Ø
WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
·
WWW is a
vast collection of documents stored on internet computers.
·
It was
invented by Tim-Berner-Lee.
·
It
provides easy access to information.
·
It is a
system of media rich documents spread across the internet, linked with each
other.
·
WWW
documents contain texts, pictures, sound, video, etc.
Ø
INTRANET
·
Collection
of private computer networks within an organization.
·
Internal
or private network of an organization based on internet technology (such as
hypertext and protocols) and accessed over the internet.
·
An
intranet is meant for the exclusive use of the organization and its associates
(customers, employees, members, suppliers, etc.) and is protected from
unauthorized access with security systems such as firewalls.
·
An
intranet should be closed off to the general public and require a login for
authorized users.
Ø
USES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
O
For
sharing resources.
O
For high
reliability.
O
For
saving money.
O
For
using as communication medium.
O
For
accessing remote information.
O
For
person to person communication.
O
For
interactive entertainment.
Ø
UPLOAD & DOWNLOAD
·
Both upload
and download refer to the process of transferring a file
·
Upload means to transfer a file or files from your
own computer to another computer.
·
Uploading
is the process of copying files from your computer to a remote location.
For example, you might transfer a file
from your home PC to the Yahoo! computer that stores your Web Hosting files.
·
Download means to transfer a file from another
computer to your own computer.
·
Downloading
is the process of copying files to your computer from a remote location.
For example, You might download a file
from your Web Hosting account to your home PC
Ø
HOST, HOSTING
·
For a
website to be viewed by other people it must be stored on a computer (server)
that is connected to the internet.
·
A
company that provides this service is known as a host; and the service it
provides is hosting.
Ø
WEB RESOURCES
·
Web
pages and documents on the Internet that provide useful information.
Ø
BOOKMARKS
–
A collection of
direct links to predefined web pages which is stored in your web browser.
–
Bookmarks can
be created and managed by the user themselves. Most browsers come packaged with
several existing bookmarks.
Ø
PUBLIC UTILITY WEBSITES
·
Any
Website that is useful for public
UGC
–
http://www.ugc.ac.in
NCERT
–
http://www.ncert.nic.in
CIET
–
http://www.ciet.nic.in/
MHRD
–
http://www.education.nic.in
SSA
–
http://www.ssa.nic.in
NCTE
–
http://www.ncte-india.org
General
Education Kerala
-
http://www.education.kerala.gov.in
Kerala
PSC
- http://www.keralapsc.org/
IT
@ School
–
http://www.itschool.gov.in
SIET
–
http://www.sietkerala.org
SCERT
–
http://www.scert.kerala.gov.in
Calicut
University
–
http://www.universityofcalicut.info
MG
University
–
http://www.mgu.ac.in
Kannur
University
–
http://www.kannuruniversity.ac.in
Kerala
University
Ø
INTRODUCTION TO ‘HTML’
Hypertext
v
Hypertext is generally the text displayed on a computer
display or other electronic device
v
It may
have links to other text which the
reader can immediately access.
v
The
hypertext pages are interconnected by hyperlinks, typically activated by a
mouse click, key press or by touching
the screen.
v
Hypertext
is sometimes used to describe tables, images and other with hyperlinks.
v
Hypertext
is the underlying concept defining the structure of the World Wide Web
with pages often written in the HTML.
v
It
enables an easy-to-use and flexible connection and sharing of information over
the Internet.
Markup
language
v
Markup language is a modern system
for annotating a document in a way that
is distinguishable from the text.
v
The idea and terminology evolved from the "marking
up" of paper manuscripts.
v
A widely
used markup language is Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), one of
the document formats of the World Wide Web.
Ø
HYPER TEXT MARK UP LANGUAGE
- ‘HTML’
‘Hyper Text Mark up Language (HTML) is a
standard language used for developing web pages’.
HyperText
Markup Language is a markup language that web browsers use
to interpret and compose text, images and other material into visual
web pages.
History of
HTML
n
In 1980,
a mark up language, i.e., Standard Generalized Mark up Language or SGML was
developed.
n
HTML was
evolved from SGML.
n
Presently,
HTML is advanced to DHTML and then to XML (Extensible Mark up Language)
and now to VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)
v
HTML Coding
n
HTML
codes are known as ‘HTML Tags’.
n
An HTML
document has two parts.
a)
Markup Language -Tags.
b)
Web page content -Text Information.
v
Points to be kept in mind while writing
HTML documents
1 Each tag is enclosed within a ‘<’ (left
bracket) and ‘>’ (right bracket). This differentiates them from text.
1 An opened tag must be closed.
1 Opening tag is denoted by < > .
1 Closing tag is denoted by </ > .
1 Generally the HTML tags are written in upper
case.
1 It is not a case sensitive language.
1 Coding can be done in any text Editor
(Windows-notepad, Ubuntu –G.Edit)
1 When we save HTML file, we should add .html
or .htm after the file name.
v
Structure of an HTML Document.
q
Header
or Head Section
<HTML>
<HEAD>
Head
Section
</HEAD>
</HTML>
q
Body
Section
<HTML>
<BODY>
Body
Section or Actual Text
</BODY>
</HTML>
v
Merits of HTML
¿
HTML is
simple but powerful formatting language to use.
¿
The
simplicity allows anyone to create web pages.
¿
HTML
documents are device independent (works on any platform)
¿
The web
pages can be linked together using links.
¿
The
pages can be updated at anytime.
v
Limitations of HTML
¿
HTML
does not have any programming capabilities.
¿
Require
expertise knowledge.
¿
Time
consuming.
¿
Difficult
to remember coding
Ø
KompoZer
- KompoZer is a complete Webpage Authoring System that combines web file management and easy-to-use WYSIWYG (What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get) web page editing program.
- KompoZer is designed to be extremely easy to use.
- Using it a non-technical computer user can create an attractive professional-looking web site without needing to know HTML or web coding.
KompoZer
Features
n
KompoZer
is a good WYSIWYG (What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get) editor.
n
It based on the Mozilla platform.
n
It is powered by Mozilla
n
It is a “what you see is what you get” editor
with built-in file management and FTP to get your pages to your web hosting
provider.
n
It is easy to use and, best of all, it's free.
n
Text editor + Web page creator
n
Page preview
n
Color coding
n
Search and replace
n
Can edit JavaScript
n
Can edit CSS (Cascading Style Sheets.)
n
Freeware
n
No subscription fee required
